Will European recovery ever be co-determined by social actors?

In response to the pandemic, the European Union pledged major financial support to member states. The EU’s plan for recovery offered an opportunity for meaningful involvement of social actors. In practice, however, the involvement of social actors in the RRF has proved highly problematic: the motto was to act first and consult later. This Opinion piece is part of a series on the National Recovery and Resilience Plans, supported by the Hans Böckler Stiftung.